The ultimate resource for [FULL] primer 6 and permanova user manual: Tips, tricks and tutorials

From the PRIMER manual (p. 28 about Monte Carlo permutations; -e.com/primer7/manuals/PERMANOVA+_manual.pdf), the number of unique permutations for a PERMANOVA with $a$ groups and $n$ replicates per group is:$$(an)![a!(n!)^a].$$However, what is the calculation if the study design is unbalanced? For example, one group with $4$ individuals, another with $5$, another with $6$? Is there a way to calculate the number of unique permutations with adonis2?

[FULL] primer 6 and permanova user manual

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In conclusion, our results indicate that bioinformatics analysis pipelinesgreatly differ in their relative performance on ITS datasets targeting fungi,although roughly similar quality-orientated settings were implemented.Overall, our recommended Illumina data workflow would be PipeCraft, PIPITS orLotuS, which provide a good balance between speed, mycological accuracy(including support for ITS Extractor) and technical quality. For PacBio, thetools implemented in PipeCraft were most suitable for the long-read analysis.Conversely, the widely used platform in prokaryote 16S-based studies, ouroptions chosen in Galaxy, performed relatively poorly on the ITS data. WhileQIIME2 implements an accurate quality filtering algorithm of DADA2, the lackof ITS region extraction lowers the accuracy for mycological studies. Ofclassification tools, BLAST searches against the UNITE database provided moreaccurate results on the kingdom and phylum levels compared with the RDP andWarcup ITS trainset combined. We emphasise that none of the testedbioinformatics workflows is able to fully filter out the errors thataccumulated during sample preparation and sequencing, even when using themost elaborate error-filtering options. Therefore, manual curation of OTUtables continues to be an important step in obtaining robust datasets,although semi-automatic tools to assist evaluation are becoming available(Frøslev et al. 2017). It is also important to rely on high-coveragereference databases to be able to recognise non-target organisms andmetagenomic reads. 2ff7e9595c